Czechia's Act No. 270/2025 Coll.: personal cultivation and possession limits
The official e-Sbírka text sets adult personal-use thresholds from 1 January 2026 — three plants, 100 g at home, 25 g outside — without creating retail or clubs.
By LeafCurrent Editorial · 15 Jan 2026 · 2 min read · Updated 29 Aug 2026
What the official Act provides
Act No. 270/2025 Coll., promulgated on 5 August 2025 and effective from 1 January 2026, amends the Criminal Code and the Act on Addictive Substances. The official e-Sbírka record is the primary text for the personal-use thresholds summarised below.
- Adults aged 21 and over may cultivate, harvest or process up to three cannabis plants for personal use in property they own or to which they have another legal relationship, without a handling permit.
- Adults aged 21 and over may hold up to 100 grams at home (dwelling) and up to 25 grams outside the dwelling for personal use, without a handling permit, for cannabis or cannabis-derived substances above 1% THC.
- Unauthorised manufacture, import, export, offer, mediation, sale or other supply of cannabis to another person remains a criminal offence under the amended Criminal Code.
- Cultivating more than five plants for personal use is a criminal offence under the amended Criminal Code; exceeding the three-plant / 100 g / 25 g personal thresholds is addressed through the Act's offence structure.
- The Act does not create retail sale, commercial distribution or an association/club channel.
Primary source
LeafCurrent bases the gram and plant figures in this article on the official Collection of Laws record for Act No. 270/2025 Coll. Secondary commentary remains useful for context and medical-programme background, but it is not the authority for those statutory thresholds.
What has not changed
Czechia's medical pathway is older and better established than the 2026 changes, dating to 2013, with pharmacy dispensing against electronic prescriptions, registry reporting and partial reimbursement for defined indications since 2020. It operates independently of the personal-use framework.
The country's 1 percent THC threshold for technical hemp also appears in the related narcotics and plant-cultivation rules and gives Czech hemp and CBD operators more headroom than most of the EU, subject to novel-food rules on ingestible products.
The gap that remains
What Czechia has under Act No. 270/2025 Coll. is a personal-use permission with no legal commercial supply route created by that Act. An adult may cultivate three plants but cannot lawfully buy seed-to-flower product from a shop or a club under this framework, because neither is authorised by it.
That combination — lawful growing within limits, no lawful retail buying — is the same structural tension Germany created in 2024 and answered with cultivation associations. Whether Czechia adds a supply channel is a question for future legislation, not something Act No. 270/2025 Coll. settles.
Sources
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